Essential tools for evaluating GFR, tubular function, proteinuria, electrolyte balance, and dialysis adequacy.
The most accurate and widely recommended method for estimating GFR in clinical practice.
An earlier GFR estimation formula derived from the MDRD study population.
Estimates creatinine clearance using age, weight, sex, and serum creatinine.
Measures CrCl from a 24-hour urine collection for precise assessment.
Calculates albumin-to-creatinine (ACR) and protein-to-creatinine (PCR) ratios to detect proteinuria—an early marker of kidney damage.
Helps differentiate prerenal, intrinsic, and postrenal causes of acute kidney injury.
Assesses dialysis adequacy by calculating Kt/V for hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients.
Predicts the 2-year and 5-year probability of progressing to kidney failure.
Determines fractional excretion of sodium and urea to distinguish types of acute kidney injury.
Calculates serum osmolality and osmolar gap for evaluating hydration, electrolyte disorders, and toxic alcohol ingestion.